What does complex PTSD look like?
Complex PTSD, or C-PTSD, develops after prolonged exposure to trauma, often in situations where escape is difficult. Unlike standard PTSD, it affects emotional regulation, self-perception, and relationships in addition to typical trauma symptoms.
The main features of complex PTSD are:
• Emotional dysregulation – intense emotions such as anger, sadness, or anxiety that are difficult to control.
• Negative self-perception – feelings of worthlessness, shame, or guilt, often linked to the trauma experienced.
• Relationship difficulties – challenges in trusting others, forming healthy attachments, and maintaining social connections.
• Persistent trauma reminders – intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and avoidance of situations that trigger past trauma.
• Physical and somatic symptoms – fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches, and chronic pain linked to stress.
Complex PTSD often requires long-term, specialized treatment such as trauma-focused therapy, EMDR, or skills-based interventions to manage emotions, rebuild self-esteem, and improve relationships. Early recognition and consistent support are essential for recovery.
