Psychosis involves hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thinking, often seen in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substance-induced states. Several factors can intensify symptoms or trigger episodes:

1. Substance Use: Illicit drugs like methamphetamine, cocaine, LSD, or high-dose cannabis (especially THC-rich strains) directly disrupt dopamine pathways, worsening delusions and paranoia. Alcohol withdrawal can also provoke delirium. Studies (e.g., The Lancet Psychiatry, 2021) link cannabis use disorder to a 3–4x higher psychosis risk in vulnerable individuals.
2. Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sleep dysregulates dopamine and serotonin. Research from the University of Oxford (2019) shows 24–48 hours without sleep induces transient psychotic symptoms in healthy people; chronic insomnia amplifies this in clinical populations.
3. Stress and Trauma: Acute stress (e.g., bereavement, job loss) or chronic adversity activates the HPA axis, flooding the brain with cortisol. A meta-analysis in Schizophrenia Bulletin (2020) found childhood trauma doubles psychosis risk, with ongoing stressors precipitating relapses.
4. Medication Non-Adherence: Stopping antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, olanzapine) abruptly causes dopamine rebound, escalating symptoms. The CATIE trial (2005) reported 74% discontinuation within 18 months, correlating with relapse.
5. Medical Conditions: Untreated infections (e.g., encephalitis), thyroid storms, vitamin B12 deficiency, or brain injuries mimic or exacerbate psychosis. Autoimmune disorders like anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis require urgent diagnosis.
6. Environmental Triggers: Sensory overload (crowds, noise), social isolation, or stigmatization heightens arousal. Urban upbringing increases risk by 20–30% (Nature, 2019).

Prevention Tips: Maintain medication adherence, prioritize 7–9 hours of sleep, avoid recreational drugs, manage stress via CBT or mindfulness, and monitor physical health. If symptoms worsen, seek immediate psychiatric care early intervention reduces hospitalization risk by 50% (JAMA Psychiatry, 2022). Always consult a clinician before changing treatments.