Psychosis and schizophrenia are closely linked—but they are not the same thing. Understanding the difference is key to reducing confusion and stigma.

Psychosis Is a Symptom

Psychosis is a mental state where a person loses touch with reality. This can include:

• Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there)
• Delusions (strong false beliefs, like being watched or controlled)
• Disorganized thinking or speech

Psychosis is not a diagnosis—it’s a symptom that can occur in many conditions, such as:

• Bipolar disorder
• Severe depression
• Drug use (e.g., meth, LSD, or heavy cannabis)
• Brain injuries or infections
• Extreme sleep deprivation or stress

Even some medical illnesses (like lupus or thyroid disorders) can trigger psychosis.

Schizophrenia Is a Disorder That Includes Psychosis

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder. Psychosis is a core feature, but schizophrenia also involves other symptoms that last for at least 6 months, such as:

• Flat or blunted emotions
• Social withdrawal
• Trouble with motivation or focus
• Disorganized behavior

To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must have ongoing symptoms—not just a single psychotic episode.

Key Takeaway

All people with schizophrenia experience psychosis at some point—but not everyone who has psychosis has schizophrenia. Psychosis can be temporary and treatable. Schizophrenia is a long-term condition that requires ongoing care.

Psychosis = a symptom. Schizophrenia = a disorder that includes psychosis plus other lasting challenges. Accurate diagnosis ensures the right treatment—and better outcomes.