Bipolar disorder often stems from a mix of genetics, brain chemistry, and life experiences. While it can’t be “caused” by one event alone, certain triggers can spark the first episode or worsen existing symptoms.

Common Triggers of Bipolar Episodes

Severe stress is a major trigger. This includes trauma, job loss, divorce, or the death of a loved one. The emotional upheaval can disrupt mood stability in vulnerable individuals.

Sleep disruption plays a powerful role. Pulling all-nighters, jet lag, or irregular sleep schedules may ignite mania—especially in those already at risk.

Substance use can also trigger episodes. Alcohol, stimulants (like cocaine), or even cannabis may destabilize mood. Some prescription medications—like antidepressants without a mood stabilizer—can induce mania too.

Seasonal changes affect some people. Manic episodes often peak in spring or summer, while depression may worsen in winter—similar to seasonal affective disorder.

Hormonal shifts, such as those during pregnancy, postpartum, or thyroid imbalances, can also act as triggers.

It’s important to note: triggers don’t cause bipolar disorder on their own. Most people with bipolar have a biological predisposition—often family history. Triggers simply “turn on” the illness in those already vulnerable.

Recognizing personal triggers helps manage the condition. Keeping a mood journal, maintaining a routine, and working with a mental health provider can reduce episode frequency.

If you or someone you know shows signs of mania or depression, seek professional help early. Early intervention leads to better long-term outcomes for bipolar disorder.