Depression often starts quietly masked as stress, fatigue, or “just a rough patch.” But certain signs, when persistent, signal that it’s more than a passing mood. Here are five key warning signs to watch for in yourself or someone you care about.

1. Persistent Sadness or Emptiness

Feeling down, tearful, or emotionally numb most of the day, nearly every day, for two weeks or more. It doesn’t lift with good news or distractions.

2. Loss of Interest or Pleasure

No longer enjoying hobbies, socializing, music, or even small joys. You might think, “What’s the point?” or feel detached from things that once mattered.

3. Significant Changes in Sleep or Energy

Either insomnia (especially waking up very early and unable to fall back asleep) or oversleeping paired with constant fatigue, even after rest.

4. Withdrawal from Others

Pulling away from friends, family, or activities. You may avoid calls, skip gatherings, or feel like a burden leading to deepening isolation.

5. Feelings of Worthlessness or Hopelessness

Harsh self-criticism, guilt over minor things, or believing things will never get better: “I’m a failure,” “Nothing helps,” “No one would care if I disappeared.”

Depression isn’t a choice or a character flaw. It’s a medical condition that affects thinking, feeling, and functioning.

The good news? It’s treatable. Talking to a doctor, therapist, or trusted person is the first step not a last resort. And that step can be the beginning of real relief.