Depression is more than just feeling sad or “down.” It’s a medical condition that affects how you feel, think, and act daily for at least two weeks. Here are the key signs to watch for:
- Persistent low mood – Feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or tearful most of the day, nearly every day.
- Loss of interest – No longer enjoying hobbies, socializing, sex, or things that used to excite you (called anhedonia).
- Energy crash – Feeling exhausted or “slowed down” even after rest. Simple tasks feel overwhelming.
- Sleep changes – Sleeping too much (hypersomnia) or too little (insomnia), waking early, or restless sleep.
- Appetite/weight shifts – Significant weight loss or gain without trying, or appetite increase/decrease.
- Concentration problems – Trouble focusing, remembering, or making decisions (“brain fog”).
- Guilt or worthlessness – Harsh self-criticism, feeling like a burden, or excessive guilt over minor things.
- Physical aches – Unexplained headaches, stomach issues, or body pain that doesn’t respond to treatment.
- Thoughts of death – Recurrent thoughts of dying, suicidal ideation (with or without a plan), or self-harm urges.
If you experience five or more of these symptoms (including low mood or loss of interest) nearly every day for two weeks, and they impair work, relationships, or self-care, you may have clinical depression (Major Depressive Disorder).
What to do next:
- Track symptoms for 1–2 weeks using a mood journal.
- Take a validated screening tool like the PHQ-9 (free online).
- Speak to a doctor, therapist, or psychiatrist. Depression is highly treatable with therapy (CBT, IPT), medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination.
- If you have suicidal thoughts, seek help immediately: call a suicide hotline (US: 988), text “HOME” to 741741, or go to the nearest ER.
You’re not alone about 1 in 6 adults experiences depression. Recognizing the signs is the first step to feeling like yourself again.