Depression is more than temporary sadness; it’s a serious mental health condition that affects millions worldwide. Recognizing its early warning signs can lead to timely help and recovery. Here are four key indicators everyone should know:

1. Persistent low mood or emptiness Feeling sad, hopeless, or “numb” most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks is a hallmark sign. People often describe it as a heavy cloud that won’t lift, even when good things happen. Tearfulness, irritability, or a sense that nothing matters anymore frequently accompanies this mood.
2. Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed Known as anhedonia, this warning sign shows up when hobbies, socializing, work, or even basic self-care (like showering or eating favorite foods) feel pointless. Someone who loved weekend hikes or chatting with friends may suddenly withdraw and isolate themselves without clear reason.
3. Significant changes in appetite or weight Depression can swing eating patterns in either direction. Some people lose their appetite entirely, dropping weight unintentionally; others turn to food for comfort and gain weight rapidly. A change of more than 5% of body weight in a month without dieting is a red flag.
4. Sleep disturbances Insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep) or hypersomnia (sleeping 10–12+ hours yet still feeling exhausted) affects about 80% of people with depression. Waking up at 3 a.m. with racing thoughts or needing multiple naps just to function are common patterns.

If you or someone you know experiences several of these signs for two weeks or more especially with thoughts of death or suicide seek professional help immediately. In Kenya, reach out to Befrienders Kenya (hotline: 0753 885533) or visit a health facility for free mental health screening. Early intervention through therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes can dramatically improve quality of life. You’re not alone, and recovery is possible.