"Bipolar eyes" is an informal, non-clinical term used to describe subtle changes in eye appearance, gaze, or movement that some people with bipolar disorder (BD) experience during mood episodes. It's not a diagnostic tool or official symptom in medical guidelines like the DSM-5, and research shows mixed results some individuals notice shifts, while others don't. Importantly, you cannot diagnose BD by looking at someone's eyes alone; these changes overlap with normal emotional expressions and other conditions. Always consult a mental health professional for assessment.

Common Observations During Manic or Hypomanic Episodes

During mania (elevated mood, high energy) or hypomania (milder form), eyes may appear more "alive" due to surges in neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. Reported signs include:

• Sparkling or bright eyes: A shimmering, intense quality, often tied to euphoria or excitement.
• Dilated pupils: Larger pupils from heightened arousal, making eyes look wider or more alert.
• Intense gaze: More direct eye contact, rapid blinking, or saccadic movements (quick shifts in focus), reflecting racing thoughts.
• Rare color shifts: Anecdotal reports of light eyes darkening (e.g., blue to brown), possibly from pupil dilation masking the iris.

These align with manic symptoms like grandiosity, impulsivity, and reduced sleep.

Changes During Depressive Episodes

In contrast, depressive phases (low mood, fatigue) may show:

• Dull or vacant eyes: Less "light" or sparkle, with a glassy, unfocused look.
• Avoidant gaze: Reduced direct contact, slower movements, or squinting from light sensitivity.
• Constricted pupils: Quicker response to light, linked to lower norepinephrine.

The Science Behind It

Studies suggest BD affects eye function via brain chemistry. For instance, a 2019 review found irregularities in saccadic and vergence movements (eye alignment). Dopamine influences blink rates, which rise during reward anticipation in mania. Retinal blood vessel imaging is emerging as a potential biomarker, but it's experimental. Myths persist like BD altering eye color permanently but evidence debunks this; changes are temporary and episode-specific.

Why It Matters and Next Steps

Spotting "bipolar eyes" can help loved ones flag episodes early, prompting support. However, rely on core symptoms: mood swings lasting days/weeks, not just visual cues. If you suspect BD, seek evaluation from a psychiatrist. Treatments like mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium), therapy (CBT), and lifestyle adjustments manage episodes effectively. Early intervention reduces risks like hospitalization.

Remember, eyes are "windows to the soul," but BD care needs professional light.